![]() ![]() On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the role of vitamin D to support bone health, and healthcare providers are increasing their use of laboratory tests to assess vitamin D status among the population. Concern has arisen recently that calcium supplementation may be harmful, so some individuals and healthcare providers are reluctant to use calcium supplements. Whereas some studies show that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fractures, others show no effect, and one study shows that supplementation may increase the risk. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation has been widely recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures however, recent data have been inconsistent. Although many factors contribute to this debilitating event, the most significant causes are reduction in bone mass, structural deterioration, and increased frequency of falls. The risk of osteoporotic fractures increases with age among individuals aged >50 years. This meta-analysis of RCTs supports the use of calcium plus vitamin D supplements as an intervention for fracture risk reduction in both community-dwelling and institutionalized middle-aged to older adults. A limitation is that this study utilized data from subgroup analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative. Numerous sensitivity and subgroup analyses produced similar summary associations. ![]() Meta-analysis of all studies showed that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation produced a statistically significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (SRRE, 0.85 95 % confidence interval, 0.73–0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70 95 % CI, 0.56–0.87). Of the citations retrieved, eight studies including 30,970 participants met criteria for inclusion in the primary analysis, reporting 195 hip fractures and 2231 total fractures. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and the I 2 statistic, and potential for publication bias was assessed. Qualitative and quantitative information was extracted random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for total and hip fractures. RCTs reporting the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on fracture incidence were selected from English-language studies. MethodsĪ PubMed literature search was conducted for the period from Jthrough July 31, 2015. The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention in adults. IntroductionĬalcium plus vitamin D supplementation has been widely recommended to prevent osteoporosis and subsequent fractures however, considerable controversy exists regarding the association of such supplementation and fracture risk. Meta-analysis showed a significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures (summary relative risk estimate, 0.85 95 % confidence interval, 0.73–0.98) and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures (SRRE, 0.70 95 % CI, 0.56–0.87). The aim was to meta-analyze randomized controlled trials of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fracture prevention. ![]()
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